How is a concussion diagnosed?

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A concussion is diagnosed primarily through a clinical evaluation rather than a single test. Healthcare providers assess the individual’s symptoms, how the injury occurred, and any changes in thinking, behavior, or physical function. A neurological exam is used to evaluate memory, attention, balance, coordination, vision, and reflexes.

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Because concussions usually do not cause visible structural damage, diagnosis relies heavily on symptom reporting. This makes honest communication essential, especially for athletes who may minimize symptoms to return to play. A detailed history helps clinicians identify red flags that suggest a more serious injury.

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Diagnosis is often ongoing rather than one-time. Symptoms can evolve over days, so follow-up assessments are important to track recovery and adjust activity recommendations as needed.